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Total Debt Servicing Ratio (TDSR)

The TDSR is a regulatory measure introduced by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) to ensure that a borrower's total monthly debt repayments—including housing loans, personal loans, and credit card bills—do not exceed 55% of their gross monthly income. This helps maintain financial stability and prevents over-leveraging.

Mortgage Servicing Ratio (MSR)

The MSR is another regulatory limit that applies specifically to HDB flats and new Executive Condominiums (ECs). It caps the monthly mortgage repayment at 30% of the borrower's gross monthly income. When purchasing these properties, both TDSR and MSR apply, and the stricter limit determines the maximum loan amount.

Loan-to-Value (LTV)

The LTV sets the maximum percentage of a property's value that can be financed through a mortgage loan. The LTV limit depends on the number of outstanding mortgage loans and the loan tenure. The remaining downpayment must be paid upfront, with a minimum cash component of 5%–25%, along with stamp duties and other purchase-related fees.